| 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
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| 3 |   "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
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| 4 |   <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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| 5 |   <!ENTITY % patches-entities SYSTEM "../../patches.ent">
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| 6 |   %general-entities;
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| 7 |   %patches-entities;
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| 8 | ]>
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| 9 | 
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| 10 | <sect1 id="ch-system-glibc" role="wrap">
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| 11 |   <?dbhtml filename="glibc.html"?>
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| 12 | 
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| 13 |   <title>Glibc-&glibc-version;</title>
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| 14 | 
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| 15 |   <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc">
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| 16 |     <primary sortas="a-Glibc">Glibc</primary>
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| 17 |   </indexterm>
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| 18 | 
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| 19 |   <sect2 role="package">
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| 20 |     <title/>
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| 21 | 
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| 22 |     <para>The Glibc package contains the main C library. This library provides
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| 23 |     the basic routines for allocating memory, searching directories, opening and
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| 24 |     closing files, reading and writing files, string handling, pattern matching,
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| 25 |     arithmetic, and so on.</para>
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| 26 | 
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| 27 |     <segmentedlist>
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| 28 |       <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
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| 29 |       <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
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| 30 | 
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| 31 |       <seglistitem>
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| 32 |         <seg>Not checked yet</seg>
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| 33 |         <seg>Not checked yet</seg>
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| 34 |       </seglistitem>
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| 35 |     </segmentedlist>
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| 36 | 
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| 37 |     <segmentedlist>
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| 38 |       <segtitle>&dependencies;</segtitle>
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| 39 | 
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| 40 |       <seglistitem>
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| 41 |         <seg>Bash, Binutils, Coreutils, Diffutils, Gawk, GCC, Gettext,
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| 42 |         Grep, Make, Perl, Sed, and Texinfo</seg>
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| 43 |       </seglistitem>
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| 44 |     </segmentedlist>
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| 45 | 
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| 46 |   </sect2>
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| 47 | 
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| 48 |   <sect2 role="installation">
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| 49 |     <title>Installation of Glibc</title>
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| 50 | 
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| 51 |     <note os="z">
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| 52 |       <para>Some packages outside of LFS suggest installing GNU libiconv in
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| 53 |       order to translate data from one encoding to another. The project's
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| 54 |       home page (<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv/"/>) says
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| 55 |       <quote>This library provides an <function>iconv()</function>
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| 56 |       implementation, for use on systems which don't have one, or whose
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| 57 |       implementation cannot convert from/to Unicode.</quote> Glibc provides
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| 58 |       an <function>iconv()</function> implementation and can convert from/to
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| 59 |       Unicode, therefore libiconv is not required on an LFS system.</para>
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| 60 |     </note>
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| 61 | 
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| 62 |     <para os="a">This package is known to behave badly when you change its default
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| 63 |     optimization flags (including the <option>-march</option> and
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| 64 |     <option>-mcpu</option> options). Therefore, if you have defined any
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| 65 |     environment variables that override default optimizations, such as CFLAGS
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| 66 |     and CXXFLAGS, we recommend un-setting them when building Glibc.</para>
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| 67 | 
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| 68 |     <para os="b">The Glibc build system is self-contained and will install
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| 69 |     perfectly, even though the compiler specs file and linker are still
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| 70 |     pointing at <filename class="directory">/tools</filename>. The specs
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| 71 |     and linker cannot be adjusted before the Glibc install because the
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| 72 |     Glibc autoconf tests would give false results and defeat the goal
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| 73 |     of achieving a clean build.</para>
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| 74 | 
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| 75 |     <para os="c">The following patch removed the potential of localdef
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| 76 |     segfaulting:</para>
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| 77 | 
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| 78 | <screen os="d"><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&glibc-localedef_segfault-patch;</userinput></screen>
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| 79 |  
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| 80 |     <para os="e">The Glibc documentation recommends building Glibc outside of the
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| 81 |     source directory in a dedicated build directory:</para>
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| 82 | 
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| 83 | <screen os="f"><userinput>mkdir ../glibc-build
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| 84 | cd ../glibc-build</userinput></screen>
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| 85 | 
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| 86 |     <para os="g">Prepare Glibc for compilation:</para>
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| 87 | 
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| 88 | <screen os="h"><userinput>../glibc-&glibc-version;/configure --prefix=/usr \
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| 89 |     --disable-profile --enable-add-ons --enable-kernel=2.6.0 \
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| 90 |     --libexecdir=/usr/lib/glibc</userinput></screen>
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| 91 | 
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| 92 |     <variablelist os="i">
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| 93 |       <title>The meaning of the new configure option:</title>
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| 94 | 
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| 95 |       <varlistentry>
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| 96 |         <term><parameter>--libexecdir=/usr/lib/glibc</parameter></term>
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| 97 |         <listitem>
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| 98 |           <para>This changes the location of the <command>pt_chown</command>
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| 99 |           program from its default of <filename
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| 100 |           class="directory">/usr/libexec</filename> to <filename
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| 101 |           class="directory">/usr/lib/glibc</filename>.</para>
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| 102 |         </listitem>
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| 103 |       </varlistentry>
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| 104 |     </variablelist>
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| 105 | 
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| 106 |     <para os="j">Compile the package:</para>
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| 107 | 
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| 108 | <screen os="k"><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
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| 109 | 
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| 110 |     <important os="l">
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| 111 |       <para>In this section, the test suite for Glibc is considered critical.
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| 112 |       Do not skip it under any circumstance.</para>
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| 113 |     </important>
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| 114 | 
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| 115 |     <para os="m">Test the results:</para>
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| 116 | 
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| 117 | <!-- items n,o,p no longer the master, use x86_64 which has no failures -->
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| 118 | 
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| 119 | <screen os="n"><userinput>make -k check >glibc-check-log 2>&1 ; grep Error glibc-check-log</userinput></screen>
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| 120 | 
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| 121 |     <para os="o">The Glibc test suite is highly dependent on certain functions of
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| 122 |     the host system, in particular the kernel. In general, the Glibc test
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| 123 |     suite is always expected to pass. However, in certain circumstances,
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| 124 |     some failures are unavoidable. This is a list of the most common
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| 125 |     issues:</para>
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| 126 | 
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| 127 |     <itemizedlist os="p">
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| 128 |       <listitem>
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| 129 |         <para>The <emphasis>math</emphasis> tests, at least on i686, fail in
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| 130 |         the <emphasis>test-double</emphasis> and <emphasis>test-idouble</emphasis>
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| 131 |         tests with gcc-&gcc-version;, the <command>grep</command> command will
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| 132 |         also report an expected (ignored) failure in <emphasis>posix/annexc
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| 133 |         </emphasis>. These two failures in the math tests appear to be harmless.
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| 134 |         The math tests may also fail    
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| 135 |         on systems where the CPU is not a relatively new genuine Intel or
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| 136 |         authentic AMD. Certain optimization settings are also known to be a
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| 137 |         factor here.</para>
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| 138 |       </listitem>
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| 139 |       <listitem>
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| 140 |         <para>The <emphasis>gettext</emphasis> test sometimes fails due to
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| 141 |         host system issues. The exact reasons are not yet clear.</para>
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| 142 |       </listitem>
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| 143 |       <listitem>
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| 144 |         <para>If you have mounted the LFS partition with the
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| 145 |         <parameter>noatime</parameter> option, the <emphasis>atime</emphasis> test
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| 146 |         will fail. As mentioned in <xref linkend="ch-partitioning-mounting"/>,
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| 147 |         do not use the <parameter>noatime</parameter> option while building
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| 148 |         LFS.</para>
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| 149 |       </listitem>
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| 150 |       <listitem>
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| 151 |         <para>When running on older and slower hardware, some tests
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| 152 |         can fail because of test timeouts being exceeded.</para>
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| 153 |       </listitem>
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| 154 |     </itemizedlist>
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| 155 | 
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| 156 |     <para os="q">Though it is a harmless message, the install stage of Glibc will
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| 157 |     complain about the absence of <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename>.
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| 158 |     Prevent this warning with:</para>
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| 159 | 
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| 160 | <screen os="r"><userinput>touch /etc/ld.so.conf</userinput></screen>
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| 161 | 
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| 162 |     <para os="s">Install the package:</para>
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| 163 | 
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| 164 | <screen os="t"><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
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| 165 | 
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| 166 |   </sect2>
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| 167 | 
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| 168 |   <sect2 id="i18n-glibc" role="configuration">
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| 169 |     <title>Internationalization</title>
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| 170 | 
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| 171 |     <para>The locales that can make the system respond in a different
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| 172 |     language were not installed by the above command. Install this
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| 173 |     with:</para>
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| 174 | 
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| 175 | <screen><userinput>make localedata/install-locales</userinput></screen>
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| 176 | 
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| 177 |     <para>To save time, an alternative to running the previous command (which
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| 178 |     generates and installs every locale Glibc is aware of) is to install only
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| 179 |     those locales that are wanted and needed. This can be achieved by using
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| 180 |     the <command>localedef</command> command. Information on this command is
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| 181 |     located in the <filename>INSTALL</filename> file in the Glibc source.
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| 182 |     However, there are a number of locales that are essential in order for the
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| 183 |     tests of future packages to pass, in particular, the
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| 184 |     <emphasis>libstdc++</emphasis> tests from GCC. The following instructions,
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| 185 |     instead of the <parameter>install-locales</parameter> target used above,
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| 186 |     will install the minimum set of locales necessary for the tests to run
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| 187 |     successfully:</para>
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| 188 | 
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| 189 | <screen><userinput>mkdir -p /usr/lib/locale
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| 190 | localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE
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| 191 | localedef -i de_DE@euro -f ISO-8859-15 de_DE@euro
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| 192 | localedef -i en_HK -f ISO-8859-1 en_HK
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| 193 | localedef -i en_PH -f ISO-8859-1 en_PH
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| 194 | localedef -i en_US -f ISO-8859-1 en_US
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| 195 | localedef -i es_MX -f ISO-8859-1 es_MX
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| 196 | localedef -i fa_IR -f UTF-8 fa_IR
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| 197 | localedef -i fr_FR -f ISO-8859-1 fr_FR
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| 198 | localedef -i fr_FR@euro -f ISO-8859-15 fr_FR@euro
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| 199 | localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-1 it_IT
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| 200 | localedef -i ja_JP -f EUC-JP ja_JP</userinput></screen>
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| 201 | 
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| 202 |     <para>Some locales installed by the <command>make
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| 203 |     localedata/install-locales</command> command above are not properly
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| 204 |     supported by some applications that are in the LFS and BLFS books. Because
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| 205 |     of the various problems that arise due to application programmers making
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| 206 |     assumptions that break in such locales, LFS should not be used in locales
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| 207 |     that utilize multibyte character sets (including UTF-8) or right-to-left
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| 208 |     writing order.  Numerous unofficial and unstable patches are required to
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| 209 |     fix these problems, and it has been decided by the LFS developers not to
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| 210 |     support such complex locales.  This applies to the ja_JP and fa_IR locales
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| 211 |     as well—they have been installed only for GCC and Gettext tests to
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| 212 |     pass, and the <command>watch</command> program (part of the Procps package)
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| 213 |     does not work properly in them. Various attempts to circumvent these
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| 214 |     restrictions are documented in internationalization-related hints.</para>
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| 215 | 
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| 216 |   </sect2>
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| 217 | 
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| 218 |   <sect2 id="conf-glibc" role="configuration">
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| 219 |     <title>Configuring Glibc</title>
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| 220 | 
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| 221 |     <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
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| 222 |       <primary sortas="e-/etc/nsswitch.conf">/etc/nsswitch.conf</primary>
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| 223 |     </indexterm>
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| 224 | 
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| 225 |     <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
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| 226 |       <primary sortas="e-/etc/localtime">/etc/localtime</primary>
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| 227 |     </indexterm>
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| 228 | 
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| 229 |     <para>The <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file needs to be created
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| 230 |     because, although Glibc provides defaults when this file is missing or
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| 231 |     corrupt, the Glibc defaults do not work well in a networked environment.
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| 232 |     The time zone also needs to be configured.</para>
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| 233 | 
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| 234 |     <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> by running
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| 235 |     the following:</para>
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| 236 | 
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| 237 | <screen><userinput>cat > /etc/nsswitch.conf << "EOF"
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| 238 | <literal># Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf
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| 239 | 
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| 240 | passwd: files
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| 241 | group: files
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| 242 | shadow: files
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| 243 | 
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| 244 | hosts: files dns
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| 245 | networks: files
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| 246 | 
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| 247 | protocols: files
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| 248 | services: files
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| 249 | ethers: files
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| 250 | rpc: files
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| 251 | 
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| 252 | # End /etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>
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| 253 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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| 254 | 
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| 255 |     <para>To determine the local time zone, run the following script:</para>
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| 256 | 
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| 257 | <screen><userinput>tzselect</userinput></screen>
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| 258 | 
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| 259 |     <para>After answering a few questions about the location, the script will
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| 260 |     output the name of the time zone (e.g., <emphasis>EST5EDT</emphasis> or
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| 261 |     <emphasis>Canada/Eastern</emphasis>). Then create the
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| 262 |     <filename>/etc/localtime</filename> file by running:</para>
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| 263 | 
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| 264 | <screen><userinput>cp --remove-destination /usr/share/zoneinfo/<replaceable>[xxx]</replaceable> \
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| 265 |     /etc/localtime</userinput></screen>
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| 266 | 
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| 267 |     <para>Replace <replaceable>[xxx]</replaceable> with the name of the time zone
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| 268 |     that <command>tzselect</command> provided (e.g., Canada/Eastern).</para>
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| 269 | 
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| 270 |     <variablelist>
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| 271 |       <title>The meaning of the cp option:</title>
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| 272 | 
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| 273 |       <varlistentry>
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| 274 |         <term><parameter>--remove-destination</parameter></term>
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| 275 |         <listitem>
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| 276 |           <para>This is needed to force removal of the already existing symbolic
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| 277 |           link. The reason for copying the file instead of using a symlink is to
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| 278 |           cover the situation where <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>
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| 279 |           is on a separate partition. This could be important when booted into
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| 280 |           single user mode.</para>
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| 281 |         </listitem>
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| 282 |       </varlistentry>
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| 283 |     </variablelist>
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| 284 | 
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| 285 |   </sect2>
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| 286 | 
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| 287 |   <sect2 id="conf-ld" role="configuration">
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| 288 |     <title>Configuring Dynamic Loader</title>
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| 289 | 
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| 290 |     <indexterm zone="conf-ld">
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| 291 |       <primary sortas="e-/etc/ld.so.conf">/etc/ld.so.conf</primary>
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| 292 |     </indexterm>
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| 293 | 
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| 294 |     <para>By default, the dynamic loader (<filename
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| 295 |     class="libraryfile">/lib/ld-linux.so.2</filename>) searches through
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| 296 |     <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and <filename
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| 297 |     class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> for dynamic libraries that are
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| 298 |     needed by programs as they are run. However, if there are libraries in
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| 299 |     directories other than <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and
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| 300 |     <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>, these need to be
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| 301 |     added to the <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> file in order
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| 302 |     for the dynamic loader to find them. Two directories that are commonly
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| 303 |     known to contain additional libraries are <filename
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| 304 |     class="directory">/usr/local/lib</filename> and <filename
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| 305 |     class="directory">/opt/lib</filename>, so add those directories to the
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| 306 |     dynamic loader's search path.</para>
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| 307 | 
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| 308 |     <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> by running the
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| 309 |     following:</para>
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| 310 | 
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| 311 | <screen><userinput>cat > /etc/ld.so.conf << "EOF"
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| 312 | <literal># Begin /etc/ld.so.conf
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| 313 | 
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| 314 | /usr/local/lib
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| 315 | /opt/lib
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| 316 | 
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| 317 | # End /etc/ld.so.conf</literal>
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| 318 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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| 319 | 
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| 320 |   </sect2>
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| 321 | 
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| 322 |   <sect2 id="contents-glibc" role="content">
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| 323 |     <title>Contents of Glibc</title>
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| 324 | 
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| 325 |     <segmentedlist>
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| 326 |       <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
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| 327 |       <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
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| 328 | 
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| 329 |       <seglistitem>
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| 330 |         <seg>catchsegv, gencat, getconf, getent, iconv, iconvconfig, ldconfig,
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| 331 |         ldd, lddlibc4, locale, localedef, mtrace, nscd, nscd_nischeck,
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| 332 |         pcprofiledump, pt_chown, rpcgen, rpcinfo, sln, sprof, tzselect, xtrace,
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| 333 |         zdump, and zic</seg>
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| 334 |         <seg>ld.so, libBrokenLocale.[a,so], libSegFault.so, libanl.[a,so],
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| 335 |         libbsd-compat.a, libc.[a,so], libcrypt.[a,so], libdl.[a,so], libg.a,
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| 336 |         libieee.a, libm.[a,so], libmcheck.a, libmemusage.so, libnsl.a,
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| 337 |         libnss_compat.so, libnss_dns.so, libnss_files.so, libnss_hesiod.so,
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| 338 |         libnss_nis.so, libnss_nisplus.so, libpcprofile.so, libpthread.[a,so],
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| 339 |         libresolv.[a,so], librpcsvc.a, librt.[a,so], libthread_db.so, and
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| 340 |         libutil.[a,so]</seg>
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| 341 |       </seglistitem>
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| 342 |     </segmentedlist>
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| 343 | 
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| 344 |     <variablelist>
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| 345 |       <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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| 346 |       <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
 | 
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| 347 |       <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 | 
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| 348 | 
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| 349 |       <varlistentry id="catchsegv">
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| 350 |         <term><command>catchsegv</command></term>
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| 351 |         <listitem>
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| 352 |           <para>Can be used to create a stack trace when a program
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| 353 |           terminates with a segmentation fault</para>
 | 
|---|
| 354 |           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc catchsegv">
 | 
|---|
| 355 |             <primary sortas="b-catchsegv">catchsegv</primary>
 | 
|---|
| 356 |           </indexterm>
 | 
|---|
| 357 |         </listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 358 |       </varlistentry>
 | 
|---|
| 359 | 
 | 
|---|
| 360 |       <varlistentry id="gencat">
 | 
|---|
| 361 |         <term><command>gencat</command></term>
 | 
|---|
| 362 |         <listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 363 |           <para>Generates message catalogues</para>
 | 
|---|
| 364 |           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc gencat">
 | 
|---|
| 365 |             <primary sortas="b-gencat">gencat</primary>
 | 
|---|
| 366 |           </indexterm>
 | 
|---|
| 367 |         </listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 368 |       </varlistentry>
 | 
|---|
| 369 | 
 | 
|---|
| 370 |       <varlistentry id="getconf">
 | 
|---|
| 371 |         <term><command>getconf</command></term>
 | 
|---|
| 372 |         <listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 373 |           <para>Displays the system configuration values for file system specific
 | 
|---|
| 374 |           variables</para>
 | 
|---|
| 375 |           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getconf">
 | 
|---|
| 376 |             <primary sortas="b-getconf">getconf</primary>
 | 
|---|
| 377 |           </indexterm>
 | 
|---|
| 378 |         </listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 379 |       </varlistentry>
 | 
|---|
| 380 | 
 | 
|---|
| 381 |       <varlistentry id="getent">
 | 
|---|
| 382 |         <term><command>getent</command></term>
 | 
|---|
| 383 |         <listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 384 |           <para>Gets entries from an administrative database</para>
 | 
|---|
| 385 |           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getent">
 | 
|---|
| 386 |             <primary sortas="b-getent">getent</primary>
 | 
|---|
| 387 |           </indexterm>
 | 
|---|
| 388 |         </listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 389 |       </varlistentry>
 | 
|---|
| 390 | 
 | 
|---|
| 391 |       <varlistentry id="iconv">
 | 
|---|
| 392 |         <term><command>iconv</command></term>
 | 
|---|
| 393 |         <listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 394 |           <para>Performs character set conversion</para>
 | 
|---|
| 395 |           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconv">
 | 
|---|
| 396 |             <primary sortas="b-iconv">iconv</primary>
 | 
|---|
| 397 |           </indexterm>
 | 
|---|
| 398 |         </listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 399 |       </varlistentry>
 | 
|---|
| 400 | 
 | 
|---|
| 401 |       <varlistentry id="iconvconfig">
 | 
|---|
| 402 |         <term><command>iconvconfig</command></term>
 | 
|---|
| 403 |         <listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 404 |           <para>Creates fastloading <command>iconv</command> module configuration
 | 
|---|
| 405 |           files</para>
 | 
|---|
| 406 |           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconvconfig">
 | 
|---|
| 407 |             <primary sortas="b-iconvconfig">iconvconfig</primary>
 | 
|---|
| 408 |           </indexterm>
 | 
|---|
| 409 |         </listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 410 |       </varlistentry>
 | 
|---|
| 411 | 
 | 
|---|
| 412 |       <varlistentry id="ldconfig">
 | 
|---|
| 413 |         <term><command>ldconfig</command></term>
 | 
|---|
| 414 |         <listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 415 |           <para>Configures the dynamic linker runtime bindings</para>
 | 
|---|
| 416 |           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldconfig">
 | 
|---|
| 417 |             <primary sortas="b-ldconfig">ldconfig</primary>
 | 
|---|
| 418 |           </indexterm>
 | 
|---|
| 419 |         </listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 420 |       </varlistentry>
 | 
|---|
| 421 | 
 | 
|---|
| 422 |       <varlistentry id="ldd">
 | 
|---|
| 423 |         <term><command>ldd</command></term>
 | 
|---|
| 424 |         <listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 425 |           <para>Reports which shared libraries are required
 | 
|---|
| 426 |           by each given program or shared library</para>
 | 
|---|
| 427 |           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldd">
 | 
|---|
| 428 |             <primary sortas="b-ldd">ldd</primary>
 | 
|---|
| 429 |           </indexterm>
 | 
|---|
| 430 |         </listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 431 |       </varlistentry>
 | 
|---|
| 432 | 
 | 
|---|
| 433 |       <varlistentry id="lddlibc4">
 | 
|---|
| 434 |         <term><command>lddlibc4</command></term>
 | 
|---|
| 435 |         <listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 436 |           <para>Assists <command>ldd</command> with object files</para>
 | 
|---|
| 437 |           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc lddlibc4">
 | 
|---|
| 438 |             <primary sortas="b-lddlibc4">lddlibc4</primary>
 | 
|---|
| 439 |           </indexterm>
 | 
|---|
| 440 |         </listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 441 |       </varlistentry>
 | 
|---|
| 442 | 
 | 
|---|
| 443 |       <varlistentry id="locale">
 | 
|---|
| 444 |         <term><command>locale</command></term>
 | 
|---|
| 445 |         <listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 446 |           <para>Tells the compiler to enable or disable the use of POSIX locales
 | 
|---|
| 447 |           for built-in operations</para>
 | 
|---|
| 448 |           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc locale">
 | 
|---|
| 449 |             <primary sortas="b-locale">locale</primary>
 | 
|---|
| 450 |           </indexterm>
 | 
|---|
| 451 |         </listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 452 |       </varlistentry>
 | 
|---|
| 453 | 
 | 
|---|
| 454 |       <varlistentry id="localedef">
 | 
|---|
| 455 |         <term><command>localedef</command></term>
 | 
|---|
| 456 |         <listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 457 |           <para>Compiles locale specifications</para>
 | 
|---|
| 458 |           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc localedef">
 | 
|---|
| 459 |             <primary sortas="b-localedef">localedef</primary>
 | 
|---|
| 460 |           </indexterm>
 | 
|---|
| 461 |         </listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 462 |       </varlistentry>
 | 
|---|
| 463 | 
 | 
|---|
| 464 |       <varlistentry id="mtrace">
 | 
|---|
| 465 |         <term><command>mtrace</command></term>
 | 
|---|
| 466 |         <listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 467 |           <para>Reads and interprets a memory trace file and
 | 
|---|
| 468 |           displays a summary in human-readable format</para>
 | 
|---|
| 469 |           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc mtrace">
 | 
|---|
| 470 |             <primary sortas="b-mtrace">mtrace</primary>
 | 
|---|
| 471 |           </indexterm>
 | 
|---|
| 472 |         </listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 473 |       </varlistentry>
 | 
|---|
| 474 | 
 | 
|---|
| 475 |       <varlistentry id="nscd">
 | 
|---|
| 476 |         <term><command>nscd</command></term>
 | 
|---|
| 477 |         <listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 478 |           <para>A daemon that provides a cache for the most common name
 | 
|---|
| 479 |           service requests</para>
 | 
|---|
| 480 |           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc nscd">
 | 
|---|
| 481 |             <primary sortas="b-nscd">nscd</primary>
 | 
|---|
| 482 |           </indexterm>
 | 
|---|
| 483 |         </listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 484 |       </varlistentry>
 | 
|---|
| 485 | 
 | 
|---|
| 486 |       <varlistentry id="nscd_nischeck">
 | 
|---|
| 487 |         <term><command>nscd_nischeck</command></term>
 | 
|---|
| 488 |         <listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 489 |           <para>Checks whether or not secure mode is necessary for NIS+
 | 
|---|
| 490 |           lookup</para>
 | 
|---|
| 491 |           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc nscd_nischeck">
 | 
|---|
| 492 |             <primary sortas="b-nscd_nischeck">nscd_nischeck</primary>
 | 
|---|
| 493 |           </indexterm>
 | 
|---|
| 494 |         </listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 495 |       </varlistentry>
 | 
|---|
| 496 | 
 | 
|---|
| 497 |       <varlistentry id="pcprofiledump">
 | 
|---|
| 498 |         <term><command>pcprofiledump</command></term>
 | 
|---|
| 499 |         <listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 500 |           <para>Dumps information generated by PC profiling</para>
 | 
|---|
| 501 |           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pcprofiledump">
 | 
|---|
| 502 |             <primary sortas="b-pcprofiledump">pcprofiledump</primary>
 | 
|---|
| 503 |           </indexterm>
 | 
|---|
| 504 |         </listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 505 |       </varlistentry>
 | 
|---|
| 506 | 
 | 
|---|
| 507 |       <varlistentry id="pt_chown">
 | 
|---|
| 508 |         <term><command>pt_chown</command></term>
 | 
|---|
| 509 |         <listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 510 |           <para>A helper program for <command>grantpt</command> to set the owner,
 | 
|---|
| 511 |           group and access permissions of a slave pseudo terminal</para>
 | 
|---|
| 512 |           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pt_chown">
 | 
|---|
| 513 |             <primary sortas="b-pt_chown">pt_chown</primary>
 | 
|---|
| 514 |           </indexterm>
 | 
|---|
| 515 |         </listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 516 |       </varlistentry>
 | 
|---|
| 517 | 
 | 
|---|
| 518 |       <varlistentry id="rpcgen">
 | 
|---|
| 519 |         <term><command>rpcgen</command></term>
 | 
|---|
| 520 |         <listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 521 |           <para>Generates C code to implement the Remote Procecure Call (RPC)
 | 
|---|
| 522 |           protocol</para>
 | 
|---|
| 523 |           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc rpcgen">
 | 
|---|
| 524 |             <primary sortas="b-rpcgen">rpcgen</primary>
 | 
|---|
| 525 |           </indexterm>
 | 
|---|
| 526 |         </listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 527 |       </varlistentry>
 | 
|---|
| 528 | 
 | 
|---|
| 529 |       <varlistentry id="rpcinfo">
 | 
|---|
| 530 |         <term><command>rpcinfo</command></term>
 | 
|---|
| 531 |         <listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 532 |           <para>Makes an RPC call to an RPC server</para>
 | 
|---|
| 533 |           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc rpcinfo">
 | 
|---|
| 534 |             <primary sortas="b-rpcinfo">rpcinfo</primary>
 | 
|---|
| 535 |           </indexterm>
 | 
|---|
| 536 |         </listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 537 |       </varlistentry>
 | 
|---|
| 538 | 
 | 
|---|
| 539 |       <varlistentry id="sln">
 | 
|---|
| 540 |         <term><command>sln</command></term>
 | 
|---|
| 541 |         <listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 542 |           <para>A statically linked <command>ln</command> program</para>
 | 
|---|
| 543 |           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sln">
 | 
|---|
| 544 |             <primary sortas="b-sln">sln</primary>
 | 
|---|
| 545 |           </indexterm>
 | 
|---|
| 546 |         </listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 547 |       </varlistentry>
 | 
|---|
| 548 | 
 | 
|---|
| 549 |       <varlistentry id="sprof">
 | 
|---|
| 550 |         <term><command>sprof</command></term>
 | 
|---|
| 551 |         <listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 552 |           <para>Reads and displays shared object profiling data</para>
 | 
|---|
| 553 |           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sprof">
 | 
|---|
| 554 |             <primary sortas="b-sprof">sprof</primary>
 | 
|---|
| 555 |           </indexterm>
 | 
|---|
| 556 |         </listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 557 |       </varlistentry>
 | 
|---|
| 558 | 
 | 
|---|
| 559 |       <varlistentry id="tzselect">
 | 
|---|
| 560 |         <term><command>tzselect</command></term>
 | 
|---|
| 561 |         <listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 562 |           <para>Asks the user about the location of the
 | 
|---|
| 563 |           system and reports the corresponding time zone description</para>
 | 
|---|
| 564 |           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc tzselect">
 | 
|---|
| 565 |             <primary sortas="b-tzselect">tzselect</primary>
 | 
|---|
| 566 |           </indexterm>
 | 
|---|
| 567 |         </listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 568 |       </varlistentry>
 | 
|---|
| 569 | 
 | 
|---|
| 570 |       <varlistentry id="xtrace">
 | 
|---|
| 571 |         <term><command>xtrace</command></term>
 | 
|---|
| 572 |         <listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 573 |           <para>Traces the execution of a program by
 | 
|---|
| 574 |           printing the currently executed function</para>
 | 
|---|
| 575 |           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc xtrace">
 | 
|---|
| 576 |             <primary sortas="b-xtrace">xtrace</primary>
 | 
|---|
| 577 |           </indexterm>
 | 
|---|
| 578 |         </listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 579 |       </varlistentry>
 | 
|---|
| 580 | 
 | 
|---|
| 581 |       <varlistentry id="zdump">
 | 
|---|
| 582 |         <term><command>zdump</command></term>
 | 
|---|
| 583 |         <listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 584 |           <para>The time zone dumper</para>
 | 
|---|
| 585 |           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zdump">
 | 
|---|
| 586 |             <primary sortas="b-zdump">zdump</primary>
 | 
|---|
| 587 |           </indexterm>
 | 
|---|
| 588 |         </listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 589 |       </varlistentry>
 | 
|---|
| 590 | 
 | 
|---|
| 591 |       <varlistentry id="zic">
 | 
|---|
| 592 |         <term><command>zic</command></term>
 | 
|---|
| 593 |         <listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 594 |           <para>The time zone compiler</para>
 | 
|---|
| 595 |           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zic">
 | 
|---|
| 596 |             <primary sortas="b-zic">zic</primary>
 | 
|---|
| 597 |           </indexterm>
 | 
|---|
| 598 |         </listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 599 |       </varlistentry>
 | 
|---|
| 600 | 
 | 
|---|
| 601 |       <varlistentry id="ld.so">
 | 
|---|
| 602 |         <term><filename class="libraryfile">ld.so</filename></term>
 | 
|---|
| 603 |         <listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 604 |           <para>The helper program for shared library executables</para>
 | 
|---|
| 605 |           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ld.so">
 | 
|---|
| 606 |             <primary sortas="c-ld.so">ld.so</primary>
 | 
|---|
| 607 |           </indexterm>
 | 
|---|
| 608 |         </listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 609 |       </varlistentry>
 | 
|---|
| 610 | 
 | 
|---|
| 611 |       <varlistentry id="libBrokenLocale">
 | 
|---|
| 612 |         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libBrokenLocale</filename></term>
 | 
|---|
| 613 |         <listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 614 |           <para>Used by programs, such as Mozilla, to solve broken locales</para>
 | 
|---|
| 615 |           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libBrokenLocale">
 | 
|---|
| 616 |             <primary sortas="c-libBrokenLocale">libBrokenLocale</primary>
 | 
|---|
| 617 |           </indexterm>
 | 
|---|
| 618 |         </listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 619 |       </varlistentry>
 | 
|---|
| 620 | 
 | 
|---|
| 621 |       <varlistentry id="libSegFault">
 | 
|---|
| 622 |         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libSegFault</filename></term>
 | 
|---|
| 623 |         <listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 624 |           <para>The segmentation fault signal handler</para>
 | 
|---|
| 625 |           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libSegFault">
 | 
|---|
| 626 |             <primary sortas="c-libSegFault">libSegFault</primary>
 | 
|---|
| 627 |           </indexterm>
 | 
|---|
| 628 |         </listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 629 |       </varlistentry>
 | 
|---|
| 630 | 
 | 
|---|
| 631 |       <varlistentry id="libanl">
 | 
|---|
| 632 |         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libanl</filename></term>
 | 
|---|
| 633 |         <listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 634 |           <para>An asynchronous name lookup library</para>
 | 
|---|
| 635 |           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libanl">
 | 
|---|
| 636 |             <primary sortas="c-libanl">libanl</primary>
 | 
|---|
| 637 |           </indexterm>
 | 
|---|
| 638 |         </listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 639 |       </varlistentry>
 | 
|---|
| 640 | 
 | 
|---|
| 641 |       <varlistentry id="libbsd-compat">
 | 
|---|
| 642 |         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libbsd-compat</filename></term>
 | 
|---|
| 643 |         <listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 644 |           <para>Provides the portability needed
 | 
|---|
| 645 |           in order to run certain Berkey Software Distribution (BSD) programs
 | 
|---|
| 646 |           under Linux</para>
 | 
|---|
| 647 |           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libbsd-compat">
 | 
|---|
| 648 |             <primary sortas="c-libbsd-compat">libbsd-compat</primary>
 | 
|---|
| 649 |           </indexterm>
 | 
|---|
| 650 |         </listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 651 |       </varlistentry>
 | 
|---|
| 652 | 
 | 
|---|
| 653 |       <varlistentry id="libc">
 | 
|---|
| 654 |         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></term>
 | 
|---|
| 655 |         <listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 656 |           <para>The main C library</para>
 | 
|---|
| 657 |           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libc">
 | 
|---|
| 658 |             <primary sortas="c-libc">libc</primary>
 | 
|---|
| 659 |           </indexterm>
 | 
|---|
| 660 |         </listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 661 |       </varlistentry>
 | 
|---|
| 662 | 
 | 
|---|
| 663 |       <varlistentry id="libcrypt">
 | 
|---|
| 664 |         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libcrypt</filename></term>
 | 
|---|
| 665 |         <listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 666 |           <para>The cryptography library</para>
 | 
|---|
| 667 |           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libcrypt">
 | 
|---|
| 668 |             <primary sortas="c-libcrypt">libcrypt</primary>
 | 
|---|
| 669 |           </indexterm>
 | 
|---|
| 670 |         </listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 671 |       </varlistentry>
 | 
|---|
| 672 | 
 | 
|---|
| 673 |       <varlistentry id="libdl">
 | 
|---|
| 674 |         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libdl</filename></term>
 | 
|---|
| 675 |         <listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 676 |           <para>The dynamic linking interface library</para>
 | 
|---|
| 677 |           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libdl">
 | 
|---|
| 678 |             <primary sortas="c-libdl">libdl</primary>
 | 
|---|
| 679 |           </indexterm>
 | 
|---|
| 680 |         </listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 681 |       </varlistentry>
 | 
|---|
| 682 | 
 | 
|---|
| 683 |       <varlistentry id="libg">
 | 
|---|
| 684 |         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libg</filename></term>
 | 
|---|
| 685 |         <listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 686 |           <para>A runtime library for <command>g++</command></para>
 | 
|---|
| 687 |           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libg">
 | 
|---|
| 688 |             <primary sortas="c-libg">libg</primary>
 | 
|---|
| 689 |           </indexterm>
 | 
|---|
| 690 |         </listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 691 |       </varlistentry>
 | 
|---|
| 692 | 
 | 
|---|
| 693 |       <varlistentry id="libieee">
 | 
|---|
| 694 |         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libieee</filename></term>
 | 
|---|
| 695 |         <listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 696 |           <para>The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)
 | 
|---|
| 697 |           floating point library</para>
 | 
|---|
| 698 |           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libieee">
 | 
|---|
| 699 |             <primary sortas="c-libieee">libieee</primary>
 | 
|---|
| 700 |           </indexterm>
 | 
|---|
| 701 |         </listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 702 |       </varlistentry>
 | 
|---|
| 703 | 
 | 
|---|
| 704 |       <varlistentry id="libm">
 | 
|---|
| 705 |         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libm</filename></term>
 | 
|---|
| 706 |         <listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 707 |           <para>The mathematical library</para>
 | 
|---|
| 708 |           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libm">
 | 
|---|
| 709 |             <primary sortas="c-libm">libm</primary>
 | 
|---|
| 710 |           </indexterm>
 | 
|---|
| 711 |         </listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 712 |       </varlistentry>
 | 
|---|
| 713 | 
 | 
|---|
| 714 |       <varlistentry id="libmcheck">
 | 
|---|
| 715 |         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmcheck</filename></term>
 | 
|---|
| 716 |         <listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 717 |           <para>Contains code run at boot</para>
 | 
|---|
| 718 |           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmcheck">
 | 
|---|
| 719 |             <primary sortas="c-libmcheck">libmcheck</primary>
 | 
|---|
| 720 |           </indexterm>
 | 
|---|
| 721 |         </listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 722 |       </varlistentry>
 | 
|---|
| 723 | 
 | 
|---|
| 724 |       <varlistentry id="libmemusage">
 | 
|---|
| 725 |         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmemusage</filename></term>
 | 
|---|
| 726 |         <listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 727 |           <para>Used by <command>memusage</command> to help collect
 | 
|---|
| 728 |           information about the memory usage of a program</para>
 | 
|---|
| 729 |           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmemusage">
 | 
|---|
| 730 |             <primary sortas="c-libmemusage">libmemusage</primary>
 | 
|---|
| 731 |           </indexterm>
 | 
|---|
| 732 |         </listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 733 |       </varlistentry>
 | 
|---|
| 734 | 
 | 
|---|
| 735 |       <varlistentry id="libnsl">
 | 
|---|
| 736 |         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnsl</filename></term>
 | 
|---|
| 737 |         <listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 738 |           <para>The network services library</para>
 | 
|---|
| 739 |           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnsl">
 | 
|---|
| 740 |             <primary sortas="c-libnsl">libnsl</primary>
 | 
|---|
| 741 |           </indexterm>
 | 
|---|
| 742 |         </listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 743 |       </varlistentry>
 | 
|---|
| 744 | 
 | 
|---|
| 745 |       <varlistentry id="libnss">
 | 
|---|
| 746 |         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnss</filename></term>
 | 
|---|
| 747 |         <listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 748 |           <para>The Name Service Switch libraries, containing functions for
 | 
|---|
| 749 |           resolving host names, user names, group names, aliases, services,
 | 
|---|
| 750 |           protocols, etc.</para>
 | 
|---|
| 751 |           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnss">
 | 
|---|
| 752 |             <primary sortas="c-libnss">libnss</primary>
 | 
|---|
| 753 |           </indexterm>
 | 
|---|
| 754 |         </listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 755 |       </varlistentry>
 | 
|---|
| 756 | 
 | 
|---|
| 757 |       <varlistentry id="libpcprofile">
 | 
|---|
| 758 |         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpcprofile</filename></term>
 | 
|---|
| 759 |         <listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 760 |           <para>Contains profiling functions used to track the amount of CPU
 | 
|---|
| 761 |           time spent in specific source code lines</para>
 | 
|---|
| 762 |           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpcprofile">
 | 
|---|
| 763 |             <primary sortas="c-libpcprofile">libpcprofile</primary>
 | 
|---|
| 764 |           </indexterm>
 | 
|---|
| 765 |         </listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 766 |       </varlistentry>
 | 
|---|
| 767 | 
 | 
|---|
| 768 |       <varlistentry id="libpthread">
 | 
|---|
| 769 |         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpthread</filename></term>
 | 
|---|
| 770 |         <listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 771 |           <para>The POSIX threads library</para>
 | 
|---|
| 772 |           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpthread">
 | 
|---|
| 773 |             <primary sortas="c-libpthread">libpthread</primary>
 | 
|---|
| 774 |           </indexterm>
 | 
|---|
| 775 |         </listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 776 |       </varlistentry>
 | 
|---|
| 777 | 
 | 
|---|
| 778 |       <varlistentry id="libresolv">
 | 
|---|
| 779 |         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libresolv</filename></term>
 | 
|---|
| 780 |         <listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 781 |           <para>Contains functions for creating, sending, and interpreting
 | 
|---|
| 782 |           packets to the Internet domain name servers</para>
 | 
|---|
| 783 |           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libresolv">
 | 
|---|
| 784 |             <primary sortas="c-libresolv">libresolv</primary>
 | 
|---|
| 785 |           </indexterm>
 | 
|---|
| 786 |         </listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 787 |       </varlistentry>
 | 
|---|
| 788 | 
 | 
|---|
| 789 |       <varlistentry id="librpcsvc">
 | 
|---|
| 790 |         <term><filename class="libraryfile">librpcsvc</filename></term>
 | 
|---|
| 791 |         <listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 792 |           <para>Contains functions providing miscellaneous RPC services</para>
 | 
|---|
| 793 |           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc librpcsvc">
 | 
|---|
| 794 |             <primary sortas="c-librpcsvc">librpcsvc</primary>
 | 
|---|
| 795 |           </indexterm>
 | 
|---|
| 796 |         </listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 797 |       </varlistentry>
 | 
|---|
| 798 | 
 | 
|---|
| 799 |       <varlistentry id="librt">
 | 
|---|
| 800 |         <term><filename class="libraryfile">librt</filename></term>
 | 
|---|
| 801 |         <listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 802 |           <para>Contains functions providing most of the interfaces specified by
 | 
|---|
| 803 |           the POSIX.1b Realtime Extension</para>
 | 
|---|
| 804 |           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc librt">
 | 
|---|
| 805 |             <primary sortas="c-librt">librt</primary>
 | 
|---|
| 806 |           </indexterm>
 | 
|---|
| 807 |         </listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 808 |       </varlistentry>
 | 
|---|
| 809 | 
 | 
|---|
| 810 |       <varlistentry id="libthread_db">
 | 
|---|
| 811 |         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libthread_db</filename></term>
 | 
|---|
| 812 |         <listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 813 |           <para>Contains functions useful for
 | 
|---|
| 814 |           building debuggers for multi-threaded programs</para>
 | 
|---|
| 815 |           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libthread_db">
 | 
|---|
| 816 |             <primary sortas="c-libthread_db">libthread_db</primary>
 | 
|---|
| 817 |           </indexterm>
 | 
|---|
| 818 |         </listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 819 |       </varlistentry>
 | 
|---|
| 820 | 
 | 
|---|
| 821 |       <varlistentry id="libutil">
 | 
|---|
| 822 |         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libutil</filename></term>
 | 
|---|
| 823 |         <listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 824 |           <para>Contains code for <quote>standard</quote> functions used in
 | 
|---|
| 825 |           many different Unix utilities</para>
 | 
|---|
| 826 |           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libutil">
 | 
|---|
| 827 |             <primary sortas="c-libutil">libutil</primary>
 | 
|---|
| 828 |           </indexterm>
 | 
|---|
| 829 |         </listitem>
 | 
|---|
| 830 |       </varlistentry>
 | 
|---|
| 831 | 
 | 
|---|
| 832 |     </variablelist>
 | 
|---|
| 833 | 
 | 
|---|
| 834 |   </sect2>
 | 
|---|
| 835 | 
 | 
|---|
| 836 | </sect1>
 | 
|---|