%general-entities; ]> Some programs use hard-wired paths to files which do not exist yet. In order to satisfy these programs, create a number of symbolic links which will be replaced by real files throughout the course of the next chapter after the software has been installed. ln -sv /tools/bin/{bash,cat,echo,grep,login,pwd,stty} ${CLFS}/bin ln -sv /tools/bin/file ${CLFS}/usr/bin ln -sv /tools/lib/libgcc_s.so{,.1} ${CLFS}/usr/lib ln -sv /tools/lib/libstdc++.so{.6,} ${CLFS}/usr/lib sed -e 's/tools/usr/' /tools/lib/libstdc++.la > ${CLFS}/usr/lib/libstdc++.la ln -sv bash ${CLFS}/bin/sh ln -sv /tools/sbin/init ${CLFS}/sbin ln -sv /tools/etc/{login.{access,defs},limits} ${CLFS}/etc /bin/bash Many bash scripts specify /bin/bash. /bin/cat This pathname is hard-coded into Glibc's configure script. /bin/echo This is to satisfy one of the tests in Glibc's test suite, which expects /bin/echo. /bin/grep This to avoid a hard-coded /tools reference in Libtool. /bin/login The agetty program expects to find login in /bin. /bin/pwd Some configure scripts, particularly Glibc's, have this pathname hard-coded. /bin/stty This pathname is hard-coded into Expect, therefore it is needed for Binutils and GCC test suites to pass. /usr/bin/file Binutils' configure scripts specify this command location. /usr/lib/libgcc_s.so{,.1} Glibc needs this for the pthreads library to work. /usr/lib/libstdc++{,.6} This is needed by several tests in Glibc's test suite, as well as for C++ support in GMP. /usr/lib/libstdc++.la This prevents a /tools reference that would otherwise be in /usr/lib/libstdc++.la after GCC is installed. /bin/sh Many shell scripts hard-code /bin/sh. /sbin/init This is where the kernel expects to find init. /etc/{login.{access,defs},limits} These are configuration files used by Shadow and are expected to be found in /etc, for programs such as login and su to work. Historically, Linux maintains a list of the mounted file systems in the file /etc/mtab. Modern kernels maintain this list internally and expose it to the user via the /proc filesystem. To satisfy utilities that expect the presence of /etc/mtab, create the following symbolic link: ln -sv /proc/self/mounts ${CLFS}/etc/mtab